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Painting and Caligraphy
2004/06/23
Beijing's culture is today a complex reflection of
China's history and its position in a rapidly changing world.
Full of contradictions and spectacular exclamations, it's a
city partially frozen in time as well as light-years ahead. As
culture is everything, not just the art and grandiosity of its
heyday, there is much to see, and enjoy.
Painting and Calligraphy
Chinese calligraphy (or brush calligraphy) is an art
distinctive of Asian cultures. Regarded as the most abstract
and sublime form of art in Chinese culture, calligraphy is
often thought to be most revealing of one's personality. Unlike
other visual art techniques, all calligraphy is permanent and
irredeemable, demanding careful planning and confident
execution. While one has to conform to the defined structure of
the words, the expression is often extremely creative. To
exercise the imagination, but follow the laws and regulations
of the craft, is its principle virtue.
There are five major styles of calligraphy:
- 篆 (zhuan) seal script
- 隶 (li) clerical script
- 楷 (kai) standard script
- 行 (xing) semi-cursive script
- 草 (cao) cursive script
The origin of Chinese painting can be traced to the patterns
carved, or drawn, on bronze and pottery in prehistory. From the
Han Dynasty (BC 206-AD 220), when paper was invented, Chinese
painting began to develop into its present form.
Early paintings record religious iconography, such as the
Buddha. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 BC), the trend turned
towards landscapes. The following dynasties revealed different
characteristics: flower-and-bird paintings in the Song (AD
960-1279); ink painting and figure paintings in the Yuan (AD
1271-1368); court paintings in the Ming (AD 1368-1644) and a
revival of landscape painting and the introduction of
Western-style painting in the Qing (1644-1911).