Toward a Green, High-Tech, People’s Beijing

2008 was a spectacular year in the long and storied life of Beijing.

The truly exceptional Olympic and Paralympic Games held in the summer and early fall served as more than a showcase for the best athletes in the world. It gave the world a chance to learn more about the profound changes that have taken place in Beijing as a result of 30 years of reform and opening. Yet, the Games also gave the Chinese people a chance to reflect on their achievements in economic development, raising the people’s living standards, improving public welfare, making a transition from smokestack industrialization to high-tech and more and in learning to cope with the effects of globalization and international business competition.

Preparations for the Games were fused with long-standing plans to make Beijing a more vital international metropolis, a centre of world commerce and a more congenial place in which to live and work. They accelerated and deepened these developments that were revealed to the many on August 8, creating precious legacies for the generations, whether the legacies are tangible or intangible.

As Beijing contemplates its future, it has a newer and stronger foundation to build on; so despite global economic chaos and the fading “Olympic effect,” Beijing is calmly and resolutely looking forward, seeking even better, higher quality economic growth, improvements in infrastructural development, environmental protection and in providing for the welfare of those who depend and thrive on it.

 

“Truly Exceptional” Games Yield Golden Legacy for Beijing

 

With a dramatic fireworks display in the evening of August 24 at the National Stadium, the Beijing Olympics came to a dazzling close, ending 16 days of unforgettable athletic performances and Olympic competitions, earning the praise of International Olympic Committee President Jacque Rogge, who described the Beijing Games as “truly exceptional.”

But, again, there was more to these Games than athletic performances, gala events and a chance to get to know China better. What was truly exceptional was the great economic value the Games brought to the host city and the potential that remains. Direct revenues of the Olympic economy mainly came from Olympic-related marketing, sponsorships, advertising, venue construction, ticket sales and broadcasting rights. Figures from the Beijing Olympic Economy Research Association suggest that incomes from these activities and others totalled about US$2 billion.

The most direct and tangible economic benefits were revenues generated by the retail sector. From August 1 to September 16, 2008, famous shopping destinations such as the Hongqiao Market, Silk Market and Laoshe Teahouse served more than 300,000 foreign customers, reporting total sales revenues close to 160 million yuan (US$24 million), according to figures from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce.

Among these destinations, the main shopping streets, shops, restaurants and China Time-Honoured Brand (Zhonghua Laozihao) outlets served about 80 percent of the customers, many of them foreign, and furnished about 70 percent of the revenue. Olympic licensed products, silk, pearl, and traditional Chinese artefacts are among the best sellers.    

So fused with the city’s ongoing development plans were the aspects of the Olympic economy whose benefits may be difficult, if not impossible, to calculate, but it is clear that the Games has helped the economy as a whole and will continue to do so for generations to come. Reports from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics reveal that the regional gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of 11.8 percent during 2005 and 2008, 0.8 percentage points higher than during the 10th Five-Year Plan.

The Olympic Games succeeded spectacularly in promoting the host city. In a commentary on August 24, The New York Times said: “The Games were seen as an unparalleled success by most Chinese; a record medal count inspired nationwide excitement, and Beijing impressed foreign visitors with its hospitality and efficiency.” Beijing is becoming a more attractive city for foreign and domestic tourists.

The Olympic Green, which includes the Olympic Forest Park, the National Aquatics Center (Water Cube), the National Stadium (Bird’s Nest) and surrounding areas, has become a tourist attraction in Beijing. Many people get to experience the Olympic spirit by touring in the Olympic Green. During the first Golden-Week holiday after the Games, tourists visiting Beijing increased by 30 percent over the same period in 2007; the Olympic Green received one-fourth of the visitors at scenic spots in Beijing. Tourist flows reached its peak of 527,000 on October 2; by October 5, visitors to the Olympic Green had exceeded 2.42 million.

 But the successes of the Games were not limited to the realms of economics and tourism.

The word “volunteers” took on a new significance in the capital during the Games as thousands of people around the city turned smiling faces to visitors and did their best to serve them and help them enjoy their stays in Beijing. During the Games, the blue-white uniforms of Olympic volunteers were among the most ubiquitous and respected symbols of the city. The volunteers were always hospitable, patient and helpful to anyone who turned to them for assistance.

As Wang Yiyi, a volunteer wrote in her blog, “Participating in the Olympic Games was not for a couple of Olympic uniforms or pay; it was reaching out in friendship, with hope and a new understanding of life. This is why we say ‘I participate, I devote and I enjoy.’ ”

The volunteer experience has had an effect on China’s young people as a whole. “The Beijing Olympics conquered Chinese youths while fascinating the world,” the China Youth Daily said, basing its comments on an on-line survey it conducted in cooperation with Sina.com. “As a result of the Games, a new generation of Chinese youth, the ‘Bird’s Nest Generation,’ is now emerging.” Some 71.9 percent of 3,006 Internet surfers surveyed thought the Beijing Olympics changed their lives and thinking. Among them, nearly 30 percent pledged to follow the Olympic spirit of fairness in their involvement in social life. In answering the question about the “key words” for the “Bird’s Nest generation,” 55.3 percent chose “self-confident”; 51.9 percent, “peace, reconciliation and harmony”; and 49.8 percent, “openness.” “Rationalism in expressing one’s patriotic sentiments” should be taken as the best quality of the “Bird’s Nest Generation,” followed by “cherishing friendships,” “aiming high in life,” “daring to compete,” “ready to make self-sacrifice” and “sense of responsibility.”

The volunteer mechanism will be preserved after the Games. Service spots at crowded areas will be retained to provide translations, respond to inquiries and to provide medical aid; most of these service sites will be relocated in communities, parks, and schools to continue their mission of providing services to the public.

 When giving an interview to a group of journalists from 25 countries on August 1, Chinese President Hu Jintao predicted that among the Olympic legacies to be left for China, “The cultural legacies will be more valuable, more enduring.”

IOC President Jacques Rogge, two days before the Games closed, said: “The world has learned about China (through the Games), and China has learned about the world. And I believe this is something that will have positive effects for the long term.”

 

GDP Growth

 

In the government work report delivered during the Second Session of the 13th Beijing People’s Congress in Beijing on January 17, 2008,  Mayor Guo Jinlong said Beijing’s regional GDP is expected to exceed one trillion yuan (US$150 billion), a 9 percent increase over that of 2007, suggesting that the municipality’s per capita GDP had exceeded US$9,000.

The dry figures may sound abstract, but as Yu Xiuqin, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics said, “The total volume of the economy represents the economic power of the city, while the per capita figure means the amount of wealth of a country or region.” If calculated based on the standards of the World Bank, the US$8,000 per capita GDP means that Beijing has reached the level of a medium-to-highly developed country.

While creating a strong municipal economy, the municipality has also transformed its industrial structure a great deal, said Zhang Gong, chairman of the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission. His comment is based on the proportion of the services industry in Beijing’s economy, which grew to about 73 percent in 2008. Within the services sector the producers’-services, information technology and cultural and creative industries were strong performers, each reporting a growth of at least 15 percent.

Unlike some regions of the country that depend heavily on investment or exports for GDP growth, Beijing’s economy is healthier, doing well in both investment and consumption. In 2008, the city’s investment and consumption were estimated at 390 billion yuan (US$58.5 billion) and 450 billion yuan (US$67.5 billion), which means consumption has become a driving force for local economic development.

Step into any of the major shopping malls or supermarkets in Beijing, and you’ll be convinced that such figures are beyond dispute. The enthusiasm and purchasing power of Beijing’s consumers is holding strong, despite retail declines elsewhere in the world. Consumer confidence remains high.

Now, with its per capita GDP nearing the level of developed countries, the consumption structure of Beijing residents is likely to change even more. “The cultural life of consumers will be enriched,” said Zhang Gong. He said Beijing residents are starting to pursue improvements in their living conditions, cultural pursuits, leisure and entertainment. What’s more, people will pay more attention to the eco-environment, air quality, social services, forestation, social stability and personal property safety.

“The new situation is creating new demands for the services sector. Enterprises should explore the consuming culture of the metropolis and try to meet the new demands, which will boost the sector,” said Zhang.

 

Infrastructural Development Accelerated

 

Thanks to the Olympic Games, the city’s infrastructural development has benefitted from unprecedented input and growth. Improvements in the city’s transportation system, especially the expansion of the Beijing Subway, has attracted the most attention.

Considering Beijing’s dense population, the local government has decided on a “public transportation as a priority” strategy, with subway development, the most efficient way of public transport, coming into focus and rapidly expanding since 2004.

Beijing Subway Lines 1 and 2 were the only routes open in Beijing’s subway system for a long time. With the completion of the Batong Line in 2003, as an extension of Line 1 and light-rail Line 13 in 2002, Beijing’s metro track was lengthened to 114 kilometres (km). The addition of Line 5 in late 2007 added a major artery linking Beijing’s north and south, shortening the 28-km travel to 45 minutes. In the eight months of 2008 before the opening of the Games, three more subway lines were put into operation: the first phase of Line 10, Line 8 or the Olympic Branch Line and the Airport Branch. The quick expansion in the past several years has added more than 80 km of tracks into Beijing’s metro system, and this momentum is continuing.

Before the end of 2009, another subway crossing Central Beijing, Line 4, will be opened to public. Also under construction are the second phase of Line 8, Line 9, the first phase of Line 6, second phase of Line 10. Aside from that, six new lines with a combined length of 137 km will be started in 2009: Line 7, Line 14, Fangshan Line, Xijiao Line, first phase of Changping Line and first phase of Line 15.

Operation of existing lines will be enhanced: intervals of Lines 1 and 2 will be shortened from 2.5 minutes to 2 minutes and 15 seconds; Line 5 from 3 minutes to 2 minutes and 45 seconds.

In 2010, the second phase of Line 8 and Line 9 will be ready for use, bringing the rail length in Beijing to 300 km, and by 2013, about 390 km of subway lines will be available to commuters in the city centre. In 2015, there will be more than 400 subway stations within the Second Ring Road. The construction of suburban lines will make it easier to commute in the central city.

Four major expressways in Beijing were opened to traffic in 2008, extending the length to 820 km and linking every suburban district with at least one expressway. Terminal 3 of the Beijing Capital International Airport, renovated Beijing South Station and Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway were put into operation before the Olympics. Three new transformer substations and nine heating centres were established. The Beijing–Shijiazhuang section of the South–to–North Water Diversion Project was completed, bringing water from Hebei Province to Beijing.

Faced with the urgent demand to expand domestic demand, investment in infrastructure in Beijing will be continued and expanded. In 2009 and 2010, governmental investment in Beijing will be kept to between 120 billion and 150 billion yuan (US$18 billion and 22.5 billion), leveraging non-government investment of 1 trillion yuan (US$150 billion).

 

Environmental Protection Ensures Green Beijing after Green Olympics

 

With the closing of the Olympic Games, the spirit of the slogan “Green Olympics, High-Tech Olympics and People’s Olympics” became the goal of the entire city as “Green Beijing, High-Tech Beijing and People’s Beijing.”

Environmental protection has never been given such great emphasis.

In 2008, Beijingers breathed easier with 274 “blue-sky days,” compared with fewer than 100 in 1998. Three “green walls” comprise belts of forests that surround Beijing to ward off the invasion of sandstorms into the city. Beijing’s green coverage had increased to 52.1 percent by the end of 2008. The annual capacity of the nine sewage-treatment factories is 780 million cubic metres, 90 percent of the city’s sewage output. Water in more than half the city’s rivers, canals and moats is now swimmable and fishable.

According to the Draft Plan of the National Economy and Social Development for Beijing in 2009, environmental protection efforts will be strengthened. Construction of planned sanitary waste incinerators, three kitchen waste treatment sites and six waste disposal facilities in counties will be continued. More garbage will be burned and turned into energy. City leisure parks and suburban green parks in Tongzhou, Miyun, Yanqing, Yizhuang and other New Towns will be continued. Some of parking lots inside the Fifth Ring Road will be greened. Water recycling units in Fengtai, Yanqing, Changping, and Mentougou districts will see their construction accelerated in 2009. More vehicles failing to meet the city’s increasingly stringent emissions standards will be curbed and driving limits will be strengthened.

 

Public Welfare Improved

 

Beijing has been a pioneer in terms of public welfare in China. With its stronger economic power, further improvements to people’s livelihood is not only necessary but also possible.

By the end of 2008, 94 percent of working people in Beijing were covered by the basic pension system, 93.6 percent of them are covered by the basic medical insurance and unemployment insurance. In the countryside, 83.9 percent of farmers are participating in the rural pension system.

More people are covered under the social security umbrella, and the value of payments of benefits is increasing for the people served. Starting July 1, 2008, the threshold for refunds for medical care was lowered from 2,000 yuan to 1,800 yuan; this will save an estimated 460 million yuan in medical expenses for residents per year. Beginning January 2009, enterprise retirees in Beijing will get a 200-yuan increase per month in their pensions.

The building of government subsidized housing has been one of the highlights in the city’s efforts to promote a harmonious society. In 2008, eight million square metres (sq.m) of welfare housing and price-controlled housing were started; in 2009, another 8.5 million sq.m of non-commercial houses will be built. If calculated at 70–90 sq.m per unit, it means the addition of about 30,000 affordable-housing units.

 

Highlights of the Capital Economy

 

The modern service industry is now a pillar of the local economy.

In 2008, the industry furnished 73.3 percent of the local GDP. Modern cultural, entertainment, sports and information services accounted for 51.3 percent of the industry’s output value.

High-Tech sectors become more important

Added value of high-tech sectors accounts for 21.8 percent of the city’s GDP growth, close to the 22 percent goal set in the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006–2010).

Consumption became a major driving force for the economy.

In 2008, consumer spending was estimated at 450 billion yuan, compared with the 390 billion yuan of investment for the same year.

Appreciation of renminbi and decline in foreign demand cut Beijing's exports

Due to the deteriorating international economic environment, Beijing is experiencing a slowing increase in export revenue.

Real estate market continues with further adjustment

After more than three years of soaring, property prices have dipped slightly, a trend that began in late 2007. In 2008, prices and transaction values in the property market decreased. In September, the average price was lower than August, the first month-to-month decrease since 2005.

Price hikes eased

With stronger supply of basic products, price hikes at the beginning of the year eased toward the year’s end; CPI growth declined from a peak of 6.3 percent to 2.1 percent in November.

(Sources: www.beinet.net.cn)

 

 

 

好字优先  稳中求进

2008年北京经济社会各项事业取得新成绩

编写/薛京晶

 

2008年是北京发展史上很不平凡的一年，北京市积极应对国际环境复杂变化和国内重大自然灾害的多重影响与挑战，坚持一手抓奥运筹办，一手抓经济社会发展，成功举办了一届有特色、高水平的奥运会、残奥会，“新北京、新奥运”战略构想全面实现。与此同时，北京市经济社会发展总体上继续保持“好字优先、稳中求进”的态势，年度发展计划执行有力，各项事业取得新的成绩。

 

地区生产总值突破1万亿元

 

2009年1月14日，北京市市长郭金龙在北京市第十三届人民代表大会第二次会议上做《北京市政府工作报告》时表示：2008年，北京经济较快发展，根据初步预计，北京地区生产总值突破1万亿元，比2007年增长9%，人均地区生产总值超过8000美元。地方财政收入达到1837.3亿元，增长23.1 %。全社会固定资产投资完成3900亿元，社会消费品零售额超过4500亿元，增长20%以上，消费对经济增长的拉动作用显著增强。

1万亿元，对于很多读者来说是一个看上去略显得有些抽象的数字。事实上，在这个数字的背后，是北京经济在2008年快速发展的稳健步伐。依靠着服务业、第三产业的带动，投资消费双轮驱动以及奥运因素的直接影响，北京社会经济运行曲线描绘出了一幅绚丽图景，人民生活消费水平也到达了一个崭新的高度。

1万亿元成就的取得，靠的是首都特色经济的强力拉动。“北京2008年的经济总量中，服务业占到73%，居中国之首。这说明经济总量提升的同时，北京的产业结构也在进行优化。”北京市发展和改革委员会主任张工表示：“在73%的服务业结构中，生产性服务业、信息科技、文化创意产业等至少有同比15%的增幅，成为拉动经济增长的主要力量。而服务业总量进一步提升，恰好是适应产业结构取向调整的利好消息。”

与部分地区仅靠投资拉动经济不同的是，北京经济是“投资+消费”双轮驱动。来自北京市统计局的数据显示：2007年，北京的投资率达到42.3%，消费率达到48.8%。2008年，投资与消费金额更是分别达到3900亿元和4500亿元。这意味着北京基本实现了投资和消费的协调拉动，消费更成为拉动经济的主要力量。

“中央资产占到北京经济总资产的80%以上，总部经济占北京经济总量的比重达到40%，在首都经济增长中都发挥了重要作用。”张工表示，从2007年数据看，仅占北京市单位数量4.6%的中央单位，资产总额就达到全市的83.4%，对整个经济的贡献也占到37.7%。

此外，万众瞩目的奥运会也成为了北京经济的“加速器”。数据显示，在2002—2007年筹办奥运的5年间，北京GDP年均增长12.4%，是北京市经济发展最快、持续时间最长、稳定性最好的时期。

而陪伴着地区生产总值达到1万亿元的，是人均地区生产总值超过9000美元的数字。北京市统计局副局长于秀琴表示：“经济总量水平表明了北京的经济实力，人均水平则意味着一个国家或者地区的富裕程度。如果按照世界银行的统计来算，9000美元这一数字意味着北京已经达到中上等发达国家水平，进入了一个相对比较富裕的阶段。”“人均GDP达到9000美元，对于未来劳动产业升级是很好的支撑条件。”张工表示，北京具有了知识化、高新化的产业特点，加速淘汰落后产业，发展高端产业，是市场选择的结果。

而对于社会消费而言，人均GDP达到9000美元之后，消费者会有更高层次上的需求。“消费者的精神生活会更加丰富，需求层次也发生变化。”张工认为，京城消费者将开始追求住房环境，文化、娱乐、休闲消费在人们生活中的地位也更加突出。此外，人们更加注重生态环境建设、空气质量、社会服务、城市绿化面积，更加关注社会稳定和个人财产稳定安全。“这样的消费形势，也给北京的服务企业提出了新课题、新要求。企业要发掘大都市型的消费文化、满足大都市的消费需求，同样对服务产业更有促进作用。”张工表示。

 

产业发展动力更加协调

 

自2006年北京市服务业在GDP中的比重突破70%以来，服务业为主导的产业格局对稳定经济增长、避免其大幅波动起了重要的支撑作用。2008年，北京市的服务业增长11.2%，占GDP比重达到73.3%，对经济增长的名义贡献度达到82.2%，文化创意产业企业收入增长17.6%。

在奥运经济及北京市产业结构调整的带动下，信息服务软件业、租赁商务服务业、科研技术服务业、文化体育与娱乐业等行业保持较快增长，带动现代服务业发展态势良好，在服务业中的比重进一步提高达到51.3%，对稳定经济增长发挥了更加突出的作用。

另外，制造业结构也在加快调整。现代汽车二工厂、燕化千万吨炼油改造、首钢冷轧、康宁玻璃基板等一批重大产业项目投入生产，福田康明斯发动机等项目进展顺利。20个适合首都发展的电子信息、装备制造、生物医药等领域的高技术和现代制造业项目成功签约。40家高耗能、高耗水、高污染企业淘汰落后生产能力；首钢400万吨压产任务顺利完成；有机化工厂、化工二厂全面停产，人员安置有序进行。

都市型现代农业产业化水平也在继续提升。粮食总产量达到125.5万吨，增长22.9%。全市新建成设施农业3.6万亩，总面积超过20万亩。观光农业持续发展，京郊旅游不断升温，富农效应日益显现。

2008年，北京产业发展动力更趋协调。一是在制造业发展趋缓情况下，服务业的拉动作用继续增强。受外部环境变化和北京市主动加快产业调整影响，工业增加值增速有所回落，增长约3%左右，服务业增长约10%以上，是拉动经济增长的主要力量。二是在投资增长趋缓情况下，消费的拉动作用更加明显。全市固定资产投资预计完成3900亿元左右，接近2007年水平；社会消费品零售额预计超过4500亿元，增长20%以上。三是在土地、资本等生产要素投入减缓情况下，科技进步贡献率进一步提高。北京市研发经费支出占地区生产总值的比重达到5.7%，比2007年提高0.1个百分点；每万人专利申请量超过20件。借助奥运平台，第三代移动通信、数字电视、手机电视、闪联等一批具有自主知识产权的标准和技术得到应用，联想集团首次进入世界500强。北京市获批成为中国六大综合性国家高技术产业基地之一。

 

奥运盛会圆满成功

 

奥运赛事圆满成功，服务保障高效周到。北京奥运会、残奥会成功举办，实现了“两个奥运同样精彩”和“让国际社会满意、让各国运动员满意、让人民群众满意”的要求，全面兑现了向国际社会的郑重承诺。

奥运之前，高标准做好各项奥运筹备工作，31座新建改建比赛场馆、45个独立训练场馆及相关配套工程按时建成投入使用，城市安保、交通、运行保障等工作得到加强。奥运期间严格落实“双进入”体制，实现了场馆运行内外保障无缝衔接和赛时“零故障”；奥运赛事组织严密科学，管理运行衔接顺畅，不仅做到了住宿服务高标准、餐饮供应零投诉、食品安全零事故、医疗保障无差错，而且还做到了媒体服务开放快捷、能源保障万无一失、市场供应平稳有序、志愿者服务热情高效，赢得了国际社会的普遍赞誉。奥运后，及时总结筹办经验，挖掘奥运遗产，研究推广奥运机制，城市管理规范化、精细化水平进一步提高。

北京奥运会、残奥会的成功是首都发展历史进程中的重要里程碑，标志着北京的发展进入了一个新的阶段，提升了首都的国际影响力和软实力，对首都的长远发展将产生深刻的积极影响。奥运会、残奥会成功举办不仅留下了丰厚的物质遗产，更形成了宝贵的精神财富。七年来，城市建设日新月异，基础设施日益完善，城市承载能力不断增强，“鸟巢”、“水立方”成为奥运建筑的经典，凝聚升华出“北京奥运精神”；广大市民自觉服务奥运、参与奥运、奉献奥运，城市文明程度不断提高；奥运之后，秉承奥运三大理念，建设“人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京”已成为奥运后持续发展的战略取向和目标要求，为推动首都科学发展、促进社会和谐提供持久动力。

 

利用外资水平不断提升

 

在生产性服务业、现代制造业等高端产业引领之下，北京市利用外资取得跨越式新发展。来自北京市商务局的数字显示，2008年，北京市实际利用外资已突破60亿美元，再创历史新高。而这一数字相当于北京市从“七五”到“八五”(1986—1995年)十年间利用外资的总和。

2008年，世界500强在京新设外商投资企业14家，累计达到469家；新设以研发功能为主的外商投资企业26家，累计达到303家；新设投资性公司5家，累计达到159家。预计全年地区进出口总值增长40%以上；实际利用外资超过60亿美元，同比增长20%以上。

第三产业尤其是生产性服务业，继续成为外资最为扎堆的投资领域。数据显示，在60亿美元外商投资中，超过七成都流向了第三产业，而其中又有72.3%的外资投向了以商务、信息、科技、金融、物流等为主的生产性服务业。其中，以投资性公司等总部企业为主的商务服务业实际利用外资13.2亿美元，同比增长了60.7%；外商投资集中的信息传输、计算机服务和软件业领域，实际利用外资9.85亿美元，同比增长30.8%；中铁联合国际集装箱有限公司今年大幅入资，带动了交通运输和仓储业增长60%；荷银租赁(中国)有限公司的入资带动了金融业实际外资增长107.5%。外资利用在北京市制造业领域同样也有不俗表现。仅2008年1—11月，北京市制造业实际利用外资14.55亿美元，同比增长65.7%，其中投向现代制造业的外资比例占了一半左右。

 

城市交通发展驶入“快车道”

 

“低价坐公交，地铁十几条，区区通高速，车车不占道。”——这就是北京市政府为北京市民全新描绘的出行图。

北京市2008年拨款近120亿元补贴公共交通，其中，公交104.2亿元，地铁15.2亿元，低价格的公共交通为市民的生活带来许多方便和实惠。北京市发展和改革委员会副主任、新闻发言人王海平在2009年北京“两会”期间举行的新闻发布会上表示，北京“公交优先”的发展战略不会变化，低票价的公交政策取向不会改变，通过低票价调节交通流量，鼓励市民优先选择公交出行的方针不会改变，通过公交低票价造福广大市民、改善民生的政策取向不会改变。预计到2012年，北京公交出行比例将达到50%，基本接近发达国家大城市中心区公交出行比例（50%—60%）的水平。

2009年，北京将启动历史上规模最大的轨道交通投资建设。9月，地铁4号线将开通试运营，新增通车里程30公里，北京地铁累计通车里程达到230公里。此外，还将开工建设6条新线，包括15号线一期、昌平线、房山线、西郊线、7号线和14号线，加上在建的4号线、10号线二期、8号线二期、6号线一期、9号线、大兴线和亦庄线，北京在建的地铁数量将达到13条。预计到2015年，北京市轨道交通综合投资将达到3000亿元。

目前，北京已经建成规划高速公路里程的80%，实现“区区通高速”。据悉，北京市规划建设高速公路14条，共1050公里，形成“两环十二放射”线网格局。目前已经建成820公里，完成80%。2009年10月前，京承高速和六环路有望全程通车。2010年前再建设230公里，提前10年完成城市总体规划确定的建设任务。

2009年1月15日，北京铁路局总工室刘小平表示，北京铁路局正在计划建设北京到沈阳、张家口、唐山的三条铁路客运专线，专门用于现代化客运列车运行，建成后将大大缓解华北、东北地区高峰时段的客运运力紧张。

 

城市环境日益改善

 

截至2008年12月31日，北京市二级和好于二级的天数达到274天，超出了2008年度蓝天目标18天。与2007年相比，北京市民多看到了28个蓝天。与1998年北京开始向大气污染宣战时比，2008年的蓝天整整多出了174天。更可喜的是，2009年1月，北京拥有的24个“蓝天”数比2008年同期多了2天，也是2000年以来达标天数最多的一个月。

北京2008年奥运会期间推行的“蓝天目标”口号，为274个达标天立下了汗马功劳。奥运会期间，北京制订实施了极为严格的临时控制措施，具体包括机动车单双号限行、“黄标车”禁行以及冶金建材石化等150多家重污染企业停工、停产、城区工地停止土石方工程和混凝土浇筑作业等。单双号限行后，北京每天减少了近200万辆机动车，比2002年北京市机动车总量还要多，奥运会期间削减了机动车污染物就达到近12万吨，相当于限行前北京机动车污染物排放总量的63%。一系列的措施使北京收获了完美的奥运天气。奥运期间，北京的空气质量全部达标，并有13个一级天，比例高达54%，完美兑现空气质量达标承诺。

2009年，北京继续执行《第十五阶段控制大气污染措施的通告》，重点实施五个方面的措施，继续推进空气质量的改善。一是以淘汰高污染排放车辆为主，防治机动车污染；二是以推行“绿色施工”为主，防治工地扬尘污染；三是以深化产业结构调整为主，防治工业污染；四是搞好优化能源结构为主的燃煤污染整治；五是严格控制垃圾填埋场污染排放。2009年，北京的蓝天目标比2008年提高1个百分点，力争空气质量二级和好于二级的天数达到71%。

奥运的成功举办让世界看到了一个绿色北京，永定河生态环境综合整治、五环路内及奥运场馆周边重点地区裸露地面绿化硬化等一批环境建设任务按时完成，第一批1万亩郊野公园建成开放，第二批1.7万亩郊野公园主体工程基本建成。全市林木绿化覆盖率达到52.1%，城市绿化覆盖率达到43.5%，均比上年提高0.5个百分点。未来北京的绿色会越来越多。2009年，北京要新建改建20处城市绿地，面积达到80万平方米。

 

新农村建设稳步推进

 

2008年，北京市10个远郊区县村庄体系规划和新农村“五项基础设施”建设规划（2009—2012年）编制完成，年度200个基础设施整体推进村“五项工程”建设有序开展。以新能源示范推广为重点的“三起来”工程全面完成年度计划。实施“阳光双百”工程，建成远郊区县102座阳光校园和170个村太阳能集中浴室。建成一批沼气与生物质秸杆气化工程，万户农民用上清洁廉价管道燃气。完成了年度70万农民安全饮水工程，提前2年实现农民饮水安全规划目标。在全国率先实现村村通公交。继续加大粮食直补力度，在全国率先实施季节性裸露农田治理，对种植小麦、牧草的农户发放生态补贴，有效促进了农业增产、农民增收。重点镇建设整体启动，39个规划重点镇的垃圾密闭、收集、转运系统建设全面铺开，全市管理机制开始向农村延伸。

 

和谐社会建设进一步加快

 

民生问题，不仅是2008年关注的热点之一，也是2009年北京市工作的重中之重，改善和解决这些直接关系人民群众日常生活的问题，确保群众过上安定舒心的生活，是政府义不容辞的责任。

2008年，北京市的“零就业”家庭帮扶长效机制基本建立，全年消除零就业家庭793户，实现动态归零。积极贯彻《中华人民共和国就业促进法》和《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》，劳动关系总体稳定。继续提高社会保障待遇标准，职工基本退休金、城镇最低生活保障、最低工资、失业保险标准分别提高200元、60元、70元、80元。城镇职工基本养老、基本医疗、失业保险参保率分别达到94%、93.6%、93.6%。城乡无社会保障老年人养老补贴制度顺利实施。新型农村社会养老保险参保率达到83.9%，平均养老水平从100元提高到400元。医疗保障制度基本实现全覆盖，实施了城镇无业居民医疗保险制度，下调了职工医疗保险报销起付线，提高了社区卫生机构门诊报销比例。全年800万平方米廉租房、经济适用房和限价房建设任务全面落实；经济适用房和限价房分别摇号配售1.2万套和2万套；廉租房保障覆盖面逐步扩大，摇号配租有序开展。

2008年，北京市继续扩大“两免一补”政策的范围，资助全市24万名困难家庭学生。支持100所小学标准化建设，改善140所农村寄宿制中小学及农村薄弱学校办学条件。职业教育和高等教育健康发展。公共卫生和基本医疗体系不断完善。全力救治手足口病患儿，免费开展问题奶粉引起的儿童肾结石筛查；规划的3304个社区卫生服务中心（站）标准化建设基本完成；佑安医院改扩建一期、地坛医院迁建、疾控中心业务用房等一批项目建成投入使用。公共文化和体育设施加快建设。社区体育设施配建率达到100%；周末场演出和奥运文化广场活动受到市民普遍欢迎。

2009年，是首都发展进入新阶段的第一年，也是北京加快扩大内需、确保经济平稳较快发展的关键一年。北京市将总结运用奥运经验，大力弘扬奥运精神，不断推动“人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京”建设，将首都繁荣、文明、和谐、宜居的崭新景象呈献给世界。

 

2009年经济社会发展主要目标

 

主要预期指标：

•      力争实现地区生产总值增长9%；全社会固定资产投资力争增长15%以上；社会消费品零售额增长13%左          右；地区进出口总额增长11%。

•      城镇居民人均可支配收入和农民人均纯收入实际增长6%以上。

主要调控目标：

•      居民消费价格指数控制在103.5%以内。

•      城镇登记失业率控制在2.5%以内。

•      地方财政收入增长10%以上，财政支出增长7.9%。

•      万元地区生产总值能耗下降4%;水耗下降5%。

•      市区空气质量二级和好于二级天数比重力争达到71%；化学需氧量和二氧化硫排放总量分别下降2%和3%。

•      城镇基本养老、基本医疗、失业保险覆盖率分别达到95%、 94.6%、94.6%；农村养老保险覆盖率达到85%。